ABSTRACT
Within the fields of teaching and learning it is necessary to make distinctions between different aims and methods, since not all educational aims can be achieved by one style of teaching, and equally, learning by students can take a variety of forms. So the main aim of the following discussion is to present a description of the teaching and learning processes and to draw from it some guide lines on how to enhance the effectiveness of either or both. This can hardly be regarded as a novel aim, since teacher training courses and psychological research have been directed towards it for many years. The complexity of the learning process in human beings has, however, made it necessary for thorough scien-tific research to be confined to a number of rather specialised topics, with the result that making use of the results of such research in practical teaching situations is not an easy matter.
