ABSTRACT
The central problems of Indian development are reflected in the fact that the process of structural transformation has been so ‘tortuous’. Half of the labourforce remains engaged in agriculture even though the sector accounts for only 15 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) in an economy dominated by services; the process of growth has generated relatively little productive employment and recent years have seen job loss growth; over 90 per cent of the labourforce is informally employed. Latterly inequality has increased very sharply and there remain high levels of poverty. The chapter examines the history of India’s economic growth; the failure of the aim of realising ‘inclusive growth’; the particular problems of agriculture; and the limitations of social/human development in the country.
