ABSTRACT
As this chapter is being written in the mid 1970s, the field of behavior modification is in a crisis which involves issues of values, ethics, identification, and broad strategies of research and application. In order to understand where we are and to help make rational decisions as to the directions which the social movement of behavior modification should take, one needs to examine the historical and social context within which this field developed, and particularly the impact and influence of individuals who have been instrumental in the development of this field.
