ABSTRACT
Peirce's focus on the interpreter is a reason for placing his theory closer to hermeneutics than other semiotic theories. While Ferdinand de Saussure saw the sign as divided in signifier and signified, Peirce operated with a “trichotomous relation between object, sign and interpretant.” Peirce's theory of signs was first presented in 1867 in “On a New List of Categories.” In “Of Reasoning in General” from 1894, he defined a sign as “a thing which serves to convey knowledge of some other thing, which it is said to stand for or represent. For both Peirce and Ricoeur, the object, or the text, is something concrete. Transferred to this analysis of “collaboration,” it could be said that the object, “occupied and occupier working together,” existed in the real world, and text about collaboration consequently also exists. Many historians have commented on how collaboration has been used or not used by other historians.
