ABSTRACT
The chapter explores how the level of autonomy affects the assessment of shipowner’s liability, regardless of whether a ship has a crew on board. I also analyze the difference between manned and unmanned ships and discusses why blaming a remote crew will sometimes be drastically more difficult than blaming an onboard crew, even if the shipowner aims to retain the ship under constant human control. Finally, it will analyze the alternative strategies for finding negligence in cases where blaming the remote crew is impossible.
