ABSTRACT
Regulatory agencies in the water sector have been implemented across the globe to provide good value for money and sustainable water services. Although some strong and successful examples in water regulation can be identified, the pace of the implementation of regulation of water utilities in the field has been slow, and the scope of action is not yet universal since there are countries, types of operators, and areas of intervention that do not have these regulatory authorities, sometimes to the detriment of the most vulnerable population. This chapter revisits water utility regulation theory, analyzes its evolution, and discusses current challenges and future trends. Regulations have been reshaped and adapted to current needs, currently focusing more on inclusivity and on the goal of achieving sustainable water services for all. Moreover, improving the resilience of water services and protecting the environment are also priorities. Unlike in the first years of water utility regulation, price regulation is currently seen as a means to, and not an end of, regulation.
