ABSTRACT
This chapter sketches a theory of justified belief. Many epistemologists have been interested in justification because of its presumed close relationship to knowledge. Any correct definition or synonym of it would also feature evaluative terms. The task of normative ethics, by contrast, is to state substantive conditions for the Tightness of actions. Normative ethics tries to specify non-ethical conditions that determine when an action is right. A familiar example is act-utilitarianism, which says an action is right if and only if it produces, or would produce, at least as much net happiness as any alternative open to the agent. A few introductory words about the author's explicandum are appropriate at this juncture. It is often assumed that whenever a person has a justified belief, he knows that it is justified and knows what the justification is.
