ABSTRACT
In philosophy, there are many variants within idealism and realism. Scientific realism shares the view that reality exists apart from the fact that it is known, but it is particularly concerned with the nature of that reality and how it can be known through scientific study. So, it offers a third answer to the question of trees falling: Events must be considered in relation to nonevents to understand reality. The difference between the author's real-world cedar in a crowded public campground and a hypothetical tree falling in a hypothetical place so remote no one knows or cares whether it stands, falls, or even exists, points up the scientific realist’s view that events take place in an exceedingly complex world. Through miscue analysis, the authors have been able to build a theory of which factors are involved in miscues that occur during the reader’s transaction with a written text.
