ABSTRACT
Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) convert internal/neural information into external/functional control and transduce external/functional information into internal/neural activity. Ethical arguments over BMIs have often been connected with their potential impact on human nature and integrity In that context, they are regarded as a threat to personal identity and autonomy in exchange for improved limb and brain function. BMIs can also be regarded as social resources that enhance the capabilities of both disabled and healthy people. This paper argues that non-invasive BMIs can be morally justifiable within a healthcare context for not only prosthetic use but also as physical enhancers, as exemplified by Robot Suit HAL. For example, BMI prosthesis can help recover physical performance in a paralyzed patient or enable a female family caregiver to lift an elderly relative. A list of suggested central principles, technological requirements, and power output limitations is provided for at least the early applications of prosthetic and enhancement uses of HAL-type BMIs.
