ABSTRACT
This chapter summarises extensive information on digital rights violations and politically motivated information disorders affecting Venezuelans, principally social media users. The chapter focuses on the conflict dynamic between an authoritarian government and those fighting for re-democratisation. Venezuelan government policies and actions amid the process of eroding democracy are revisited. The most pressing issues affecting internet freedom and digital rights are scrutinised. Emphasis is placed on the discussion of the dynamics of the coordinated spread of online propaganda and government-sponsored disinformation. Issues surrounding the deployment of digital ID, biometrics data and risks of massive surveillance are also identified. The chapter concludes with policy recommendations for social media companies, journalists, civil society organisations and policy shapers involved in democratic transition efforts.
