ABSTRACT
This concluding chapter provides a synthesis and commentary pertaining to the studies presented in this collection and it highlights some of the key opportunities and issues associated with mobile language learning. Five notable themes running through the case studies are identified, namely breaking down barriers; unfettered flow of information; frequent interaction and reflection; enjoyment and perception of personal gains; and finally, multiplicity of technologies, modalities and methods. These themes highlight key strengths of mobile approaches to teaching and learning, with special reference to out-of-class environments where teachers and researchers often have more scope to try out something new. They also draw attention to how these strengths play into lifelong learning. The chapter highlights some emerging trends and possible developments in mobile and ubiquitous learning in a rapidly changing world and in relation to known barriers to the uptake of innovations.
