ABSTRACT
The strategic adversary is fascism. Political theorists make various distinctions between totalitarianism, authoritarianism, and fascism to advance both historical analyses and connections between civil society and authoritarianism. In Europe the need to resurrect national identities that reflect the assertion of ‘pure’ ethnic and religious affiliations have accentuated strong nationalistic sentiments with an emphasis on concepts of sovereignty and territoriality as well as the appeal to racist ideas of ‘pure blood’ and ‘whiteness’. Neo-fascism defines the new age of politics after the decline of liberal internationalism. The author do not hold to the thesis about the inevitable decay of liberal institutions under capitalism but do emphasize a culpability of liberalism in dealing with problems of citizenship that in part spring from its complicity with neoliberalism at the level of philosophical assumptions.
