ABSTRACT
Athletes, especially those competing at elite levels, are often concerned about their body weight and appearance. Although prevalence rates may vary, male and female athletes experience eating disorders (EDs) regardless of sport type and competitive level. Subclinical EDs occur more frequently in both active and retired athletes than clinical EDs. During the last few years, a more complete picture has emerged regarding risk factors and proper diagnosis of EDs in athletes. Furthermore, the extent to which athletes continue to struggle with EDs and body image issues as they transition out of sport has only recently come forward. Biopsychosocial models highlight the biological, psychological, and socio-cultural risk factors related to the prevalence of subclinical and clinical EDs. Athletes with disordered eating behaviours and body image issues, especially those competing at elite levels, need appropriate education and treatment to reduce ED prevalence. A review of diagnostic signs and symptoms, determinants, assessments, therapeutic approaches, and a case study provide information about the prevalence of ED and co-morbidities. Finally, recommendations provide directions for how clinicians and sport personnel can work together with members of the community to advance the understanding and recognition of athletes’ risk and ways to promote quality of life during and after sport.
