ABSTRACT
The European far-right critique of liberal democracy has changed significantly over the past half-century. To provide insight into this development, I focus on the evolution of a single concept at the heart of this critique: The idea of “difference.” I demonstrate how the meaning of this concept has taken different forms over three distinct generations of far-right intellectuals. The first generation is comprised of seminal figures in the French Nouvelle droite; the second, by pan-European Identitarian theorists and activists; and the third, by vanguardist organizers. To assess the shifting conceptions of “difference,” I examine the perspectives of four thinkers: Alain de Benoist (Generation I); Markus Willinger and Gianluca Iannone (Generation II); and, Götz Kubitschek (Generation III).
