Introduction

Flooding is among the most expensive climate-related disasters and a threat to urban life. In response, resilience is attracting increasing attention in flood risk management. The flood-resilient city is currently much discussed in academia to reduce the impact of flooding. Etymologically, the term has a history of different meanings. In essence, resilience was the bouncing-back of a system after a disturbance. Despite considerable efforts in flood risk management over the last few decades, the implementation of resilience measures in urban areas is still in its infancy. The problem is particularly acute in historical cities, where the older housing stock and preservation regulations make renovation challenging. Flood resilience on private property requires a distribution and definition of responsibility for resilience. This responsibility entails appropriate risk communication that is not only accurate but also reaches the property owners.