ABSTRACT
In 1997, Jennifer Saul introduced a fascinating new puzzle into the philosophy of language literature by identifying cases of substitution failure in apparently extensional contexts. A flurry of responses followed, and Saul’s examples became a lively topic of debate. Ten years later she published a book, Simple Sentences, Substitution, and Intuitions in which she laid out her objections to all of the proposed solutions to her puzzle, as well as her own take on how best to solve it. The way “enlightenment” is often characterized in the literature on the puzzle makes this explanation unavailable: to be enlightened is to know that Superman is Clark Kent. Saul’s own solution to her puzzle relies on an analysis of intuitions and the psychology behind our judgments in her cases. She suggests that information associated with the name ‘Superman’ is stored separately from information associated with the name ‘Clark Kent’.
