ABSTRACT
In contrast to standard possible worlds semantics, possible worlds in a two-dimensional semantic framework play two kinds of roles, rather than just one. This allows the framework to assign two kinds of intensions to expressions, rather than just one. Traditionally and pre-theoretically it has been supposed by many that there is a kind of singular term that names , or serves as a tag of something, rather than describes it. This simple and intuitive notion of a genuine naming device has found its way into various philosophical theories of singular reference and linguistic reference. It is important to clarify that descriptivism need not hold that a descriptional term in a language must abbreviate or be synonymous to a certain description in the language. The core idea of descriptivism is that a word refers to that which has the property or properties the speaker associates with it.
