ABSTRACT
Historian Todd M. Endelman observes that the late eighteenth century witnessed the birth of a new attitude towards the Jewish poor on the part of their more affluent coreligionists, who sought to diminish criminality by supplying marketable skills and habits of diligence through the establishment of appropriate schools. Every family presents the miniature portrait of a large community, it is a species of little state of which the rulers or sovereigns are the parents: upon their right government depends all the happiness or misery of their subjects, and a serious responsibility is therefore attached to their position. Union between brothers and sisters should be strictly enjoined, the father should have no spoiled son, the mother no petted daughter, all should be regarded alike as the gifts of God, as the sacred pledges of mutual affection and no jealousy should be engendered by too great a partiality for one to the neglect of others.
