ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses findings from animal and neuroimaging studies to build an understanding of typical neurodevelopmental processes in the middle years. It explores age- and gender-related factors that affect brain development and consider the notion of ‘critical periods’ of neural development, and the concept of neuroplasticity. The chapter considers the relation between brain development and behavioural/cognitive difficulties, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It focuses on the relationship between neuroscience and Positive Behaviour Support (PBS). The brain is the most complex of organs, and among the most complex structures in the universe. Conduct disorder is a mental disorder first appearing in childhood or adolescence as a repetitive and persistent pattern of antisocial behaviour, or fundamental lack of consideration for the rights of others. The brain state of an individual might properly be considered a competence factor, but the importance of context is evident from studies that show the negative effect of limited sensory exposure on brain development.
