ABSTRACT
This chapter looks at the interactive roles of micronutrients, athletes’ micronutrient requirements, the effect of micronutrient deficiency on athletic performance and the relationship between oxidative stress, anti-oxidants and exercise. Micronutrients are substances that humans need in small quantities for normal physiological function. In fact, micronutrients have roles in almost every human body system. Exercise can lead to increased micronutrient utilisation and degradation, as well as losses of minerals in sweat and urine. Micronutrients are needed in small amounts for normal physiological functioning. Athletes often have high lean muscle mass and therefore may need extra micronutrients for muscle repair and maintenance. Athletes have high energy needs and can usually avoid nutrient deficiencies by eating balanced, nutritious diets. Zinc has roles in growth, building and repairing muscle tissue, and immune statu—all relevant functions for athletes. Zinc may have an indirect effect because it has been shown to enhance immune function and, therefore, could protect athletes’ ability to train.
