ABSTRACT
This chapter summarizes the key findings of the contributions in this volume. Moreover, it discusses to what extent important features of the fourth wave of far-right politics in Germany may be harbingers of more general trends of future far-right politics in Europe, i.e., of a potential fifth wave. This applies in particular to the strong diversity of far-right actors and the interconnections between electoral and protest politics. The chapter also reflects on another potential future trend, which is a broadening of the scope of issues the far right focuses on, including those that do not directly relate to immigration, such as global warming, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Russian war against Ukraine. Therefore, the German case points to research avenues that should improve our understanding of far-right politics in other European countries too. It will require future research to address which types of transformations will mark a future fifth wave of far-right politics in Germany and beyond.
