ABSTRACT
The “Mathematical Manuscripts” of Karl Marx were published in 1968, in connection with the 150-th anniversary of his birth. For the Soviet historians of mathematics, the mathematical manuscripts of Karl Marx, were important supplements to the fundamental works of the classics of Marxism-Leninism, upon which they constantly based their investigations. Marx undertook a deeper study of mathematics in connection with his economic investigations. His mathematical manuscripts show, that subsequently he became interested in purely mathematical problems—in questions pertaining to the problem of substantiation of the differential calculus, and in its history. Marx treated the differential of a function as an operational symbol. Marx showed that when the necessary conditions are created within the existing mathematical theories, then a new mathematical theory may arise and develop. The entirety of Marx’s manuscripts pertaining to the philosophico-methodological questions of mathematics and of its history, has not yet been published.
