ABSTRACT
This ambitious chapter proposes to the reader, colleague, legal operator, and anyone interested in forensic science, to get into this exciting subject of criminalistics sciences, as it is the scientific determination of how a criminal act happened: criminalistics’ reconstruction. Although it is based on the homicidal case, the discipline can be extrapolated to any incident that in a first approach is considered a crime, a suicide, an accident, or in any case that involves a violent death or with lethal victims. After addressing its epistemological background, the scientific principles on which it is based, we will present a systematic methodology for its orderly, transparent, and verifiable application. The indicia more reconstructive in the most common criminal cases will be highlighted and discussed with examples of the casuistry of the author, to draw attention to the focus that the analysis must have, and see how the reconstruction of the crime scene is linked to the criminologist's technics, both in their intervention to provide valuable data for criminal investigation as in their epistemological meeting points. This chapter will end with the problem of cognitive bias, its interference in criminalistics reconstruction, and the possible strategies and practical solutions that can be applied to counter it.
