ABSTRACT
This chapter identifies and discusses demographic, epidemiologic, and socio-economic drivers’ demands for long-term care based on case studies from the emerging economies of China, Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia. The first part describes the demographic drivers, notably population ageing and declining fertility rates. The section examines the factors underlying ageing trends and trends in working-age populations and dependency ratios. The second section focuses on epidemiological transitions, providing trends in life expectancy, the growing burden of chronic non-communicable diseases, and its impacts on health systems. The third part focuses on underlying socioeconomic enablers, including levels of economic development and urban-rural inequalities, social welfare systems, labour force participation, and co-residency and the role of informal care.
