ABSTRACT
In this chapter, using the author own field data from Satawal island, the author examines navigational knowledge which has been considered non-effective for practical navigation. The author will then illustrates the importance of that knowledge in which fish and other sea creatures are employed as metaphorical tools to facilitate orientation and place-finding at sea. Finally, the author introduces an image-mapping theory as a new way of understanding Carolinean navigational skills. In this chapter, the author try to establish a generalized model of spatial representation rather than describe exhaustively the navigational knowledge shared by contemporary navigators. Interestingly, sea creatures that appear in pwukof are considered unreliable for such purposes. The sea creatures mentioned in the pwuupwunapanap must be treated as imaginary, as it is hardly possible to demonstrate their existence empirically. In other words, only master navigators are privileged to accompany fish and birds that can guide them safely to a destination.
