ABSTRACT
Additional migration and return migration affect various aspects of economic development and social, political and cultural life. The capacity to integrate a host of factors is most obvious in the geographical approach to migration that focuses on the implications of spatial differentiation in a temporal perspective. Political science was a relative latecomer in the field of international migration. In general, potential migrants weigh perceived costs and benefits, comparing conditions in the sending and receiving countries. Many micro-level theories are predicated upon the assumption that potential migrants react to macro-level differences such as wages or rights. The migration-systems approach assumes that migration systems pose the context in which movement occurs and that it influences actions on whether to stay or to move. Exit policies of the sending countries and entry and integration policies of the receiving nation-states exert a significant influence on the shape transnational migrant communities take.
