ABSTRACT

A failure of artistic integrity would be all-disastrous to an artist, and one of political integrity to an administrator. Philosophy, whether it is regarded as primarily metaphysical, speculative or analytic, has traditionally always made the highest demands on the intellect: the loss of intellectual integrity, unclear again though it may be what precisely is entailed by this concept, is equally disastrous to the would-be philosopher. In teaching elementary epistemology, at least within the present system and with the final examination test in mind, one knows to some extent what one ought to be doing, even if one is not very successful at doing it. It is no historical accident that orthodoxy and authoritarianism are so much out of fashion. Natural language is distorted by the strait-jacket of formal logic and human justice by an attempt at over-precise anticipation.