ABSTRACT
This chapter gives an overview of culture and entrepreneurship research differentiating culture as embodied within individuals (the values perspective) and culture as shared practices and norms. It first discusses leading theories of cultural values and practices and related empirical evidence for their relevance to entrepreneurship. It second outlines the five mechanisms of how cultural values and practices are assumed to shape entrepreneurship. The third part of the chapter offers an overview of measures of entrepreneurship and outlines why different indicators of entrepreneurship may relate specifically to cultural values vs. practices. The current mixed finding in research on entrepreneurship and culture can be overcome, if future research is attentive to different cultural concepts and dimensions, advances measurement of theoretical mechanisms, and carefully select and theorizes appropriate indicators of entrepreneurship.
