ABSTRACT
Swami Vivekananda (1863–1902) is revered as a defender of Hindu tradition. Advocating an approach to life he called Practical Vedanta, he combined elements of classical Vedanta philosophy with a social program advocating engagement with the world through social reform. Swami Vivekananda taught that all religions were alike at their core, but that Practical Vedanta was the best expression of not only Hinduism, but all religions, including Christianity. His lectures and essays often explored Christian doctrines and practice, offering new interpretations, such as viewing Jesus as an avatar. He argued that the teachings of the Hindu god Krishna synthesized the messages of the Buddha, Jesus, and Muhammad. He was sharply critical of the efforts of Christian missionaries in India, decrying their unwillingness to learn more about India and its religions. The Swami’s assertive defense of Hindu traditions has continued to draw praise from social and political leaders in contemporary India.
