ABSTRACT
Turner theorizes a meso level of society constructed by causal inputs of macro-dynamics from above and micro-dynamics from below. Against “micro-reductionist” theories, he argues that each level has its own sui generis causal principles and that meso-level patterns determine micro-level behavior as much as vice versa. We can put this to the test by examining such meso-level theory as principles of categoric-unit dynamics—that is, what shapes the membership categories persons use to identify themselves and others, especially in social stratification and conflict. We find that much of such identity politics hinges on whether micro interaction rituals succeed or fail, thereby determining when cultural categories of identity are alive or dead in people’s everyday lives. All three levels have some causal autonomy, but many key dynamics of change at the meso level are driven from below.
