ABSTRACT
Women have more disadvantages and additional challenges than men during migratory processes. Some of these challenges are highly related to the perceptions about the role of women in origin or destination countries and communities, while some of them are the direct outcomes and side effects of constructed relations between men and women. As confirmed by the relevant reports and studies, in all cases, women migrants have lower employment rates than migrant men and other women in their new communities. Women migrants, who achieve to find a job, mostly can find part-time recruitment opportunities instead of full-time positions. Moreover, longitudinal analyses show that full labor market integration does not happen very quickly, and its completion would often require several years. This chapter investigates the challenges that women migrants encounter in the labor market and the linkages of these challenges with structural problems in the employment market of the host countries. As to provide more concrete examples, the study is based on the significant remarks from the literature and also provides insights from the case of women migrants in Italy and Turkey; two countries from different sides of the Mediterranean with different backgrounds as countries of immigration but quite comparable in terms of being relatively recent countries of immigration; their strategic positioning within global migratory routes; the great diversity of migrants and also the growing share of migrant women they receive.
