ABSTRACT
This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book argues for a four space-place dual framework: absolute space (location), relative space (locale), relational space (place identity and dynamics), and mental space (sense of place). It also argue for the relational space, and to some extent the mental (cognitive) space, in their call for synthesizing quantitative methodology and critical geographical theory. The book reveal how smart technologies cause changes in spatial perception and behaviors. It reveal changes in response to the rapid introduction of smart surveillance technology into public spaces. The book offers a historical account of the development of city dictionary Web portals, an early attempt of the location-based services and the web maps. It exploits a range of the smart sensors to investigate spatial phenomena and their underlying mechanisms.
