ABSTRACT
This article proposes a new reading of Crusade correspondence combining written and oral messages, that is, letters and the oral messages transmitted with them. The combination of letters and oral messages offers, indeed, a more comprehensive perspective on the transmission and reception of messages in the early crusader period. The chronological framework begins at the first stages of the Crusaders Outremer (1098) and continues up to the aftermath of the Battle of Hattin and the beginning of the Third Crusade (1190).
