ABSTRACT
With the dire state of environmental crises, a call for an economic paradigm change has been sparked. Circular Economy (hereinafter CE) is an economic system that bases its logic on nature and natural processes. Just like natural processes, CE aims for a model in which everything has a purpose, and no waste or emissions are created. CE aims to resolve the issues within the current economic system while easing the burden on nature. Companies that have adopted CE strategies are the frontrunners or leaders of this change. Finland as a context for this study is fruitful as it aims to be carbon neutral by 2035 and came out with a CE roadmap. With this logic in mind, this book chapter discusses five distinct CE strategies derived from both literature and empirical data, namely: life cycle, service, renewability, circular process, and hybrid. In addition, the chapter outlines five case examples of the strategies adopted by companies in Finland.
