ABSTRACT

Originalism in Austria means examining the historical materials associated with the adoption of the Austrian constitution; originalism in India means examining the historical materials associated with the adoption of the Indian constitution. A striking example is provided in the South African constitution. Many nations limit the time that a person can be held after arrest but before presentation to a judicial officer. Often these provisions state that the person must appear before a judge within a reasonable period. Scholars interested in the constitutional and nature see this as either a crystallization of inchoate ideas rattling around in other constitutional systems, or as foreshadowing a coming general recognition of ecological rights. Interpretations of identical substantive provisions also vary, though the case is complicated by questions of translation and contextual understanding. National political and social cultures determine the weight given to at least some constitutional values.