ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the authors study the ways in which the structure of variation affects the structure of demand models and, most particularly, the consumer surplus measures derived from them. They develop the theory of this class of personal difference models. In this chapter, the author gives some examples of a particular class of demand models, which they call 'structured logit models', that are consistent with personal difference utility variation. They summarises the main points of the chapter and discuss their relevance to the main streams of transport demand model theory. The work described in the chapter is to a large extent parallel to and independent of recent research on journey attributes and their values. The aim of the chapter is to bring forward the possibility of improving the theoretical consistency and technical merit of modelling, but bearing in mind the essential practical difficulties of data availability, computational feasibility and the need to justify recommendations to a lay audience.
