ABSTRACT
Beginning in the late twentieth century, however, scholars also began looking at these wars and conflicts in new ways, using approaches termed either the “new military history” or “war and society.” Although there are differences of opinions on how one defines these terms, and they are sometimes conflated, the former, new military history, is usually described as asking many of the same questions posed by the “old” military history, such as how armies functioned, campaigns proceeded, and wars were won, but it does so from the perspective not of generals or rulers, but of ordinary soldiers, civilians, or other non-elite participants. Even when modern histories follow a more traditional narrative path, or maintain a focus on wartime operations or military activities writ large, a more theoretical war and society framework may also be included.
