ABSTRACT
Between countries, education was supported through military interventions, religious missions, and ideological inculcations. These instruments of ‘educational co-operation’ are operating between countries, but new mechanisms are developing because new international relations are emerging. It is interesting to know the new names of the agencies of the traditional industrial countries: from colonial development and welfare acts, and from overseas territories’ agencies, to service of technical co-operation, to creation of ministers of overseas development agencies. The crisis of bilateral and international co-operation is the result of the crisis of two previous patterns of co-operation: west towards south through ‘charity’ and ‘humanitarian aid’ and east towards south through ‘ideological fraternity’. The internationalization of arms and of military structures has also significant consequences for education at several levels: on one side there are new elaborate technologies and on the other side, in different societies, the military play a major role in political and administrative matters.
