ABSTRACT
On 22 February 2019, Algeria saw the emergence of a peaceful movement for democracy, which brought ordinary people to the streets on an unprecedented scale. Known as the hirak, weekly marches of millions led to President Bouteflika standing down, and to senior politicians and business elites being arrested and tried for corruption. Largely unreported in the West, this phenomenal mobilization continued until 2020. How have Algerians taken on such a powerful regime, without violence, despite deep frustrations and a history of violent political change? What are the implications for future democratic reform, civil society, and citizenship in Algeria?
