New forms of labor and resistance in the era of financialization 1 2

This paper investigates the ways in which social transformation in labor relations and class formation is changing the structure of social movements. New worker configurations have not been well served or incorporated by traditional unions. In Europe and the United States, new platforms for struggle, beyond factories and unstable workplaces, such as Occupy, BlackLivesMatter and other street protests have emerged. These social movements engage people in central squares, neighborhoods, streets, highways, roundabouts and perhaps many more places yet unimagined. Research among the Gilets Jaunes, an unusual movement that emerged in France in November 2018, illuminates the changing shape of protest.