ABSTRACT
Translation is a process that is not limited to human languages or human species. There is a practical problem of how to properly translate expressions of other species. The inclusion of other life forms and analysis of translatability between species leads to an extended theory of translation that is based on the science of biosemiotics. In this chapter, we (a) introduce some general semiotic concepts that are related to translation, among them elementary semiosis and enfolded semiosis, (b) discuss the conditions for lower and upper thresholds of semiotic translation, (c) provide some examples of usage in the concept of translation in non-human life as related to semiotics and (d) give a brief account of earlier work on biosemiotics of translation.
