ABSTRACT
As groups of humans crossed the Bering Strait and expanded throughout the continent, they were required to adjust to the environmental conditions of sharply contrasting unknown territories, which were under dramatic changes in climate regime. The second oldest evidence of humans in Amazonia has been found in the Colombian Amazon, more than 2000 km from Caverna da Piedra Pintada. Recently, a team of archaeologists from Colombian and international universities have restarted work in the area, allowing the recuperation of archaeological remains at the sites where people "wrote" their history on the rocky walls. In the excavated archaeological strata, the people recovered lithic tools, carbonised seeds, animal bones, ceramic fragments and ochre remains used for painting the rock walls. The lack of remains of terrestrial animals abundant in the area, such as primates, jaguars and tapirs, is somewhat surprising, especially as they are depicted, often in hunting scenes, in the rock art.
