ABSTRACT
This chapter adopts an approach to making sense of the attributes of effective policy design: the macro level, the meso level, and micro level. Addressing policy problems involves a careful, purposive, and informed effort to set policy goals and means. In this respect, single instruments can hardly address the rising complexity of contemporary challenges societies face. The chapter proposes a three-level understanding of effective instrument mix choice. Policy problems are becoming more complex given inherent technical complexities and the cross-boundary nature of cross-field policy problems. Coordination serves an indispensable role for effective instrument mixes by enabling coherence and consistency, as coordination addresses “dispersed integrative capacity” concerns, in particular fragmented governance structures.
