ABSTRACT
This chapter looks at the development of transnational higher education (TNE) in Japan from international program and provider mobility (IPPM) perspectives. Based on the classification framework of IPPM developed by Knight and McNamara, it focuses on policy development, challenges, and future opportunities for inbound and outbound international branch campuses (IBCs), international joint universities (IJUs), and joint and double degree (JDD) programs in Japan. It shows that the development of incoming IBCs to Japan, Japanese IJUs abroad and Japanese universities’ JDD programs provide evidence that Japanese higher education is motivated and experienced in working with international partners and looking for new IPPM opportunities. However, little attention has been given to the increasing importance of other types of IPPM. This chapter discusses a need to re-examine and relax some of the government regulations that serve as barriers to demonstrating the full potential of IPPM to promote TNE in Japan.
