This chapter examines ethnic violence in Africa's Great Lakes Region (GLR) and suggests Ubuntu as the antidote for responsible cohabitation. It starts with a general examination of ethnic conflicts in the GLR. The Rwandan genocide is the epitome of ethnic violence in the GLR. To understand the origins and progression of ethnic conflicts in the GLR and to suggest how Ubuntu can offer a proactive and holistic remedy, it is crucial to examine the precolonial and formative years of Rwanda in particular. The chapter focuses on Rwanda where the animosity between the Hutu and Tutsi has engulfed and destabilized the region. It assesses the conflict’s progression through three stages: the pre-conflict manifest conflict processes which correspond to the period before colonialism, the manifest conflict processes that ensued during colonial rule and in the early post-independence years, and the aggressive manifest conflict processes when conflicts became confrontational. The chapter suggests how Ubuntu philosophy could lead to responsible cohabitation in the GLR.