ABSTRACT
Note: From 1 January 1999 exchange rates were fixed for 11 EU members: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. From 1 January 2001 the exchange rate was fixed for Greece. On 1 January 2002 these 12 countries began using euro notes and coins, and their national currencies were replaced at the fixed rates hitherto in operation. Slovenia joined the system from 1 January 2007, Cyprus and Malta from 1 January 2008, Slovakia from 1 January 2009 and Estonia from 1 January 2011. Latvia joined the eurozone on 1 January 2014 and Lithuania on 1 January 2015.
