ABSTRACT
Officers generally recognize military deception and perception management as force multipliers that can facilitate battlefield success and victory in war. Stratagem, denial and deception (D&D), operational security (OPSEC) and information operations (IO) can create significant advantages over opponents by translating a victory of the intellect into a victory on the geopolitical battlefield. This chapter defines common terms and briefly explaining deception theory. It illustrates the application of military deception and perception management across the levels of war. It reviews how leading theorists assessed the importance and role of deception and perception management in battle. It concludes by reflecting on deception in the Information Age.
