ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the event-related potential (ERP) method and its application in second language research. The primary aim is to familiarize readers with the fundamental principles of the technique while highlighting the methodological approaches most frequently used for hypothesis testing in second language research. Practical design considerations, commonly used paradigms, benefits and limitations of ERP measures, and general guidance for interpretation of measures of interest are provided. Special attention will be given to critical measures including the mismatch negativity (MMN), N400, P600, and other waveforms of the ERP. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of recent innovations and new directions.
