ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the substantial empirical evidence of multi-modular human memory systems – evidence that has important implications for understanding the impact of trauma on memory. These research findings must be reconciled with conceptualisations that view “memory” as an independent cognitive function capable of being measured in absolute terms. A key feature of the various, non-conscious mental processes involves the ability of non-declarative memory to “support long-lasting changes in performance following a single encounter”. A single near-death experience, such as a near-drowning or a serious auto accident, can alter an individual’s sense of self and behaviour for years – irrespective of whether it is accessible to declarative memory. Multi-modular memory categories differ so greatly that it might be considered misleading to refer to them all using the same terminology: i.e. “memories”. In addition, there are errors inherent in generalising from the results of controlled laboratory experiments on cognitive memory to judgements of capacity in real-life situations.
