ABSTRACT
Identity is a complex and pervasive topic of conversation. Throughout history scholars have investigated this concept. Using a multiparadigmatic approach, communication theory of identity addresses this core component of interpersonal communication. Communication theory of identity positions communication as identity and identity as communication. In this chapter, Michael L. Hecht and Kaitlin E. Phillips discuss the multi-layered nature of identity, and present the four identity frames or layers. The four layers of identity are: (1) personal layer—view of one’s self, (2) enacted layer—performed identity, (3) relational layer—in relation to others, and (4) communal layer—collective identity, and the identity gaps that result from incongruence between any two or more layers. In addition, new research that utilizes CTI is reviewed, and continued development of the theory are discussed.
